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JavaScript Math Object


The JavaScript Math object allows you to perform mathematical tasks on
numbers.


Example

Math.PI;

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The Math Object
Unlike other objects, the Math object has no constructor.
The Math object is static.
All methods and properties can be used without creating a Math object first.

Math Properties (Constants)
The syntax for any Math property is : Math.property.
JavaScript provides 8 mathematical constants that can be accessed as Math properties:

Example

Math.E        // returns Euler's number
Math.PI       // returns PI
Math.SQRT2    // returns the square root of 2
Math.SQRT1_2  // returns the square root of 1/2
Math.LN2      // returns the natural logarithm of 2
Math.LN10     // returns the natural logarithm of 10
Math.LOG2E    // returns base 2 logarithm of E
Math.LOG10E   // returns base 10 logarithm of E

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Math Methods
The syntax for Math any methods is : Math.method(number)

Number to Integer
There are 4 common methods to round a number to an integer:

Math.round(x)Returns x rounded to its nearest integer
Math.ceil(x)Returns x rounded up to its nearest integer
Math.floor(x)Returns x rounded down to its nearest integer
Math.trunc(x)Returns the integer part of x (new in ES6)


Math.round()
Math.round(x) returns the nearest integer:

Examples

Math.round(4.6);

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Math.round(4.5);

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Math.round(4.4);

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Math.ceil()
Math.ceil(x) returns the value of x rounded up to its nearest integer:

Example

Math.ceil(4.9);
Math.ceil(4.7);
Math.ceil(4.4);
Math.ceil(4.2);
Math.ceil(-4.2);

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Math.floor()
Math.floor(x) returns the value of x rounded down to its nearest integer:

Example

Math.floor(4.9);
Math.floor(4.7);
Math.floor(4.4);
Math.floor(4.2);
Math.floor(-4.2);

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Math.trunc()
Math.trunc(x) returns the integer part of x:

Example

Math.trunc(4.9);
Math.trunc(4.7);
Math.trunc(4.4);
Math.trunc(4.2);
Math.trunc(-4.2);

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Math.sign()
Math.sign(x) returns if x is negative, null or positive:

Example

Math.sign(-4);
Math.sign(0);
Math.sign(4);

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Math.trunc() and Math.sign() were added to JavaScript 2015 - ES6.








Math.pow()
Math.pow(x, y) returns the value of x to the power of y:

Example

Math.pow(8, 2);

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Math.sqrt()
Math.sqrt(x) returns the square root of x:

Example

Math.sqrt(64);

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Math.abs()
Math.abs(x) returns the absolute (positive) value of x:

Example

Math.abs(-4.7);

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Math.sin()
Math.sin(x) returns the sine (a value between -1 and 1) of the angle x (given in radians).
If you want to use degrees instead of radians, you have to convert degrees to radians:
Angle in radians = Angle in degrees x PI / 180.

Example

Math.sin(90 * Math.PI / 180);     // returns 1 (the sine of 90 degrees)

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Math.cos()
Math.cos(x) returns the cosine (a value between -1 and 1) of the angle x (given in radians).
If you want to use degrees instead of radians, you have to convert degrees to radians:
Angle in radians = Angle in degrees x PI / 180.

Example

Math.cos(0 * Math.PI / 180);     // returns 1 (the cos of 0 degrees)

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Math.min() and Math.max()
Math.min() and Math.max() can be used to find the lowest or highest value in a list of arguments:

Example

Math.min(0, 150, 30, 20, -8, -200);

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Example

Math.max(0, 150, 30, 20, -8, -200);

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Math.random()
Math.random() returns a random number between 0 (inclusive), and 1
(exclusive):

Example

Math.random();

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You will learn more about Math.random() in the next chapter of this tutorial.


The Math.log() Method
Math.log(x) returns the natural logarithm of x.
The natural logarithm returns the time needed to reach a certain level of growth:

Examples

Math.log(1);

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Math.log(2);

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Math.log(3);

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Math.E and Math.log() are twins.

How many times must we multiply Math.E to get 10?

Math.log(10);

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The Math.log2() Method
Math.log2(x) returns the base 2 logarithm of x.

How many times must we multiply 2 to get 8?

Math.log2(8);

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The Math.log10() Method
Math.log10(x) returns the base 10 logarithm of x.

How many times must we multiply 10 to get 1000?

Math.log10(1000);

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JavaScript Math Methods


Method
Description


abs(x)
Returns the absolute value of x


acos(x)
Returns the arccosine of x, in radians


acosh(x)
Returns the hyperbolic arccosine of x


asin(x)
Returns the arcsine of x, in radians


asinh(x)
Returns the hyperbolic arcsine of x


atan(x)
Returns the arctangent of x as a numeric value between -PI/2 and PI/2 radians


atan2(y, x)
Returns the arctangent of the quotient of its arguments


atanh(x)
Returns the hyperbolic arctangent of x


cbrt(x)
Returns the cubic root of x


ceil(x)
Returns x, rounded upwards to the nearest integer


cos(x)
Returns the cosine of x (x is in radians)


cosh(x)
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x


exp(x)
Returns the value of Ex


floor(x)
Returns x, rounded downwards to the nearest integer


log(x)
Returns the natural logarithm (base E) of x


max(x, y, z, ..., n)
Returns the number with the highest value


min(x, y, z, ..., n)
Returns the number with the lowest value


pow(x, y)
Returns the value of x to the power of y


random()
Returns a random number between 0 and 1


round(x)
Rounds x to the nearest integer


sign(x)
Returns if x is negative, null or positive (-1, 0, 1)


sin(x)
Returns the sine of x (x is in radians)


sinh(x)
Returns the hyperbolic sine of x


sqrt(x)
Returns the square root of x


tan(x)
Returns the tangent of an angle


tanh(x)
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number


trunc(x)
Returns the integer part of a number (x)



Complete Math Reference
For a complete reference, go to our Complete Math Object Reference.
The reference contains descriptions and examples of all Math properties and methods.


Test Yourself With Exercises

Exercise:
Use the correct Math method to create a random number.


let r = ;



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Start the Exercise













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Reference: https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_math.asp